ΰÒײ©

Õ½ÂÔÓëÖÎÀí

ÎÌ ô⣺¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíºÎʱ¸ü¾ßÓÅÊÆ£¿| ѧÊõΰÒײ©

Ðû²¼Ê±¼ä£º2018-09-05

Ö»¹ÜÏÖ´úÆóÒµÖƶÈÒѽµÉúÓâ°ÙÄê £¬¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÈ´ÊÇ×î½ü40Äê²Å·ºÆðµÄÐÂÖƶÈ¡£ÒÔ¼ÈÉèÁ¢Ö°Äܲ¿·ÖÓÖʵÑéÏîÄ¿ÖÆÖÎÀíΪÌØÕ÷µÄ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀí £¬ÆäÓÅÊÆ¡¢È±·¦ÓëÊÊÓÃÐÔ¶¼ÉÐδ»ñµÃѧ½çºÍÒµ½çµÄÉîÈëÑо¿¡£

ΰÒײ©ÎÌôâ½ÌÊÚÓëÎ÷Äϲƾ­´óѧÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚÏàÖú½ÒÏþÁËÕë¶Ô¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄÀíÂÛÑо¿Ð§¹û¡£ËûÃÇ·¢Ã÷£º

¡ñ ÔÚ¶à¸öÏîÄ¿²¢ÐеÄÆóÒµ×éÖ¯ÖÐ £¬µ±ÐèҪͬʱ¼æ¹ËÏîÄ¿×ÔÉíµÄÆæÒìÐèÇóÓëÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷µÄÐèÇóʱ £¬½ÓÄɾØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄÆóÒµ £¬Æ伨ЧÓÅÓÚÖ°Äܲ¿·ÖµÄ±ÊÖ±ÖÎÀíÖƶȺÍÏîĿ˾ÀíµÄºáÏòÖÎÀíÖƶÈ¡£

¡ñ ±ðµÄ £¬¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÏà½Ï¹Å°åÖÎÀí·½·¨µÄÓÅÊÆ»¹ÄÜÔÚÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷ÐèÇóºÜСµÄÇéÐÎÖÐ͹ÏÔ³öÀ´¡£µ±ÏîĿ˾ÀíµÄÀûÒæÓëÆóÒµÕûÌåµÄÀûÒæµÖ´ïÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½µÄÒ»Ö £¬Ëæ×ÅÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷ÐèÇóµÄת±ä £¬ÆóÒµ¶ÔÏîĿ˾ÀíÃǵÄ×îÓÅÊÚȨˮƽ²»ÊÇ¿ÝÔïÉÏÉý»òϽµµÄ £¬¶øÊÇÏȽµºóÉýµÄUÐÍÇúÏß¡£

ÍòÄÜÒ©£¿Õâ¶ùÓÐһЩʧ°Ü°¸Àý£¡

зºÆðµÄģʽ·×Æ綨ÓÅÓڹŰåģʽ £¬×îÉÙÔÚijЩÇéÐÎÌõ¼þÏÂÔÆÔÆ¡£

ͨÓõçÆø¹«Ë¾ÔÚÆ亽¿ÕÓªÒµÉÏʹÓþØÕóÖÎÀíģʽ²¢È¡µÃÁËÀÖ³É £¬È»¶ø¸´ÖƵּҵçӪҵȴʧ°ÜÁË £¬×îÖÕ¾ØÕóÖÎÀíģʽ±»¼ÒµçÓªÒµÆúÓ᣸´Ó¡»ú¾ÞÍ·ÆóҵʩÀÖ×Ô1980ÄêÔÂ×îÏÈË¥Âä £¬ÆóÒµÄÚ²¿²î±ð²ã¼¶µÄÔ±¹¤¶¼½«Ë¥Í˵Ä×ï¿ý×ï¿ý¹éÒòÓÚ¾ØÕóʽµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¡£ÓÐѧÕßµ÷ÑÐÁËÃÀ¹úµÄ1375¼ÒÒ½Ôº £¬·¢Ã÷ÆäÖеÄ28% £¬¼´346¼Ò £¬¶¼ÔÚ1961ÄêÖÁ1978Äê¼ä½ÓÄɾØÕóʽÖÎÀí £¬¶øͬÆÚÕâЩҽԺÖÐÓÐ96¼Ò×îÖÕÆúÓÃÁËÕâÒ»ÐÂÐ˵ÄÖÎÀíģʽ¡£

ACBEE

¡øÃÀ¹úÊ©ÀÖ£¨Xerox£©¹«Ë¾ÒÑÓÚ2018Äê1Ô±»¸»Ê¿½ºÆ¬ÊÕ¹º £¬ºóÕßͬʱÐû²¼¶ÔÁ½¼ÒºÏ×ʹ«Ë¾¸»Ê¿Ê©ÀÖ²ÃÈË1ÍòÈË¡££¨Í¼Æ¬À´×ÔÍøÂ磩

16A86

¡ø ¾ØÕóÐÍ×éÖ¯½á¹¹Í¼ £¬¾ØÕóÐÍ×éÖ¯µÄµä·¶ÌصãÊÇÊÂÇéÍŶӵijÉÔ±×é³Éºá¿çÁ˶à¸öÖ°Äܲ¿·Ö £¬Ã¿¸öÏîÄ¿¶¼ÓÐÏîĿ˾ÀíºÍÖ°Äܲ¿·Ö˾ÀíµÄË«ÖØȨÍþºÍË«Öػ㱨Ïß¡££¨Í¼Æ¬À´×Ôά»ù°Ù¿Æ£©

ËäÈ» £¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚÏÖʵÌìÏÂÖп´µ½Á˸ü¶à¾ØÕóÐÍ×éÖ¯¸ßЧÔËתµÄÀý×Ó £¬ÕâЩÆóÒµÂþÑÜÔÚº½Ìì¡¢Æû³µ¡¢ÒøÐС¢»¯¹¤¡¢Í¨Ñ¶¡¢ÅÌËã»ú¡¢¹ú·À¡¢µç×Ó¡¢½ðÈÚ¡¢ÄÜÔ´µÈ¶àÏîÁìÓò¡£ÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄÒ½Ôºµ÷ÑÐÖÐ £¬½ÓÄɾØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄ´ó¶àÊÇÃæÁÙÖØ´óʹÃüÌôÕ½µÄÒ½Ôº¡£

ÕýÊÇÓÉÓÚ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíģʽÔÚÏÖʵÖгɰܼæÓеÄÖØ´óÐÔ £¬ÎÌôâºÍÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚÒÔΪ £¬ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÖÜÈ«µÄÄ£×Ó¿ò¼ÜÀ´Ñо¿¾ØÕó×éÖ¯ÖÐȨÁ¦µÄ²»È·¶¨ÐÔÔõÑùÓ°Ïì×éÖ¯µÄÕûÌ弨Ч £¬²¢Ì½Ñ°ÔÚºÎÖÖÇéÐÎÏ £¬È¨Á¦½çÏßÄ£ºý±ÈÇåÎúµÄÊÚȨ¸üÄÜÒý·¢ÆóÒµµÄ»îÁ¦¡£

ȨÁ¦·ÖÅɵIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔ£º

ÊÇÈ«ÐÄÉè¼Æ £¬Õվɲ»µÃÒѶøΪ֮£¿

ÆóÒµÔõÑùÔÚÆä³ÉÔ±ÖзÖÅÉȨÁ¦ £¬ÊǹØϵ×éÖ¯Õý³£ÔËתµÄ½¹µãÎÊÌâ¡£¹Å°åµÄÖ±ÏßʽÖÎÀíÇ¿µ÷×ÔÉ϶øϵÄÖ¸»ÓÁ´ £¬È¨Á¦Ö»ÄÜÔÚÆäÖе¥ÏòÁ÷¶¯¡£Ëæ×ÅÆóÒµÔËתÖеÄÏîÄ¿Ô½À´Ô½¶à £¬È¨Á¦µÄÄ£ºý»òËæ»úÐÔ×îÏȱ¬·¢¡£Ñ§ÕßGoodmanÓÚ1967ÄêÊÓ²ìÁËÑз¢ÐÍ×éÖ¯ÖеÄÏîÄ¿ÖÎÀíʵ¼ù £¬Ö¸³ö£º¡°ÔÚÕû¸öÑп¯ÐÐÒµÀï £¬È¨Á¦½á¹¹ÏÔ×ÅÊÇÓÐËæ»úÐԵġ£¡±

E0FE

¡ø 2017Äê12Ô»ªÎªµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹Í¼ £¬»ªÎªÊÇÖйúÆóÒµÖнÓÄɾØÕó½á¹¹µÄ´ú±í¡££¨Í¼Æ¬À´×ÔÍøÂ磩

ѧ½ç¹ØÓÚ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄÑо¿±ÈÆðÆäÔÚÆóÒµÖеÄÓ¦Óà £¬ÏÔµÃÓÐЩæ©æ©À´³Ù¡£2002Äê £¬HarrisºÍRaviv×÷Ϊ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÑо¿ÁìÓòµÄÏÈÇý £¬½ÒÏþÁËÆäÑо¿Ð§¹û £¬Ö¸³ö¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÔÚºÎÖÖÇéÐÎϲÅÊÇ×îÓŵÄÖÎÀíÖƶÈ¡£²»¹ýÔÚËûÃǵÄÑо¿ÖÐ £¬¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÓÅÓÚÖ°ÄÜϵͳµÄ±ÊÖ±ÖÎÀíºÍÏîÄ¿²¿·ÖµÄºáÏòÖÎÀíµÄ»ù´¡Ôµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉÔÚÓÚ £¬ÍÆÐоØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄÆóÒµÓµÓÐ×î´ó¶¼Ä¿µÄÖвã˾Àí £¬Òò¶øЭ×÷ʱ»ú×î´ó¡£ÕâÒ»·¢Ã÷¹ØÓÚÎÒÃÇÊìϤ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄʵÖʺÜÖ÷Òª £¬µ«ÂÔÏÔ±¡Èõ¡£ÎÌôâºÍÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚÊÔͼ¾ò¿Í¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÔÚÆäËû·½ÃæµÄÌØÕ÷ £¬ÀýÈçȨÁ¦·ÖÅɵIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔ¡¢ÖвãÖÎÀíÕßÖ®¼äÏàͬµÄÇý¶¯Á¦µÈ¡£Õâ´ÙʹËûÃǹ¹½¨Ò»¸öÄÜÚ¹ÊÍÉÏÊöÌØÕ÷¶ÔÆóÒµ¼¨Ð§µÄÓ°ÏìµÄÐÂÄ£×Ó¡£

ȨÁ¦·ÖÅɵIJ»È·¶¨ÐԼȿÉÄÜÀ´×ÔÓÚÖÎÀíÕßµÄÓÐÒâΪ֮ £¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇΪÁËÓ¦¶ÔδÀ´µÄÍ»·¢ÇéÐΡ£¹ýÍùÑо¿Ö÷Ҫǿµ÷ºóÕßµ¼ÖµIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔ£ºµ±ÆóÒµÃæÁÙÄÚÍⲿÇéÐεÄÖØ´óת±ä¡¢Ô¤ÆÚÍâµÄÊÂÎñ»òÖØ´óÎÊÌâʱ £¬ÐèҪƾ֤ÏÖÕæÏàÐηÖÅÉȨÁ¦ £¬Ò²¼´»®¶¨µ±Ìض¨µÄÇéÐα¬·¢Ê± £¬²î±ð½ÇÉ«µÄÖÎÀíÕßÔõÑù±»ÊÚȨ¡£ÔÚ±¾ÏîÑо¿ÖÐ £¬ÎÌôâºÍÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚ½«¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíµÄ½¹µãÏÞÖÆÔÚÖÎÀíÕßÈ«ÐÄÉè¼ÆµÄËæ»úÊÚȨÉÏ £¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇͨ¹ýÔö½øÖвãÖÎÀíÕßÖ®¼äµÄÏàͬÒÔ¸üºÃµØƽºâÏîÄ¿ÍâµØ»¯ºÍÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷¡£Æ½ºâÏîÄ¿ÍâµØ»¯ºÍÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷ÕâһͷÄÔÀ´×ÔÓÚѧÕßAlonsoµÈÈËÔÚ2008Äê½ÒÏþµÄһƪÂÛÎÄ¡£¸ÃÎĽö½ö½ÏÁ¿ÁË¡°¼¯È¨ÖÎÀí¡±£¨Ï൱ÓÚÖ°Äܲ¿·ÖÕÆÎÕȨÁ¦£©ºÍ¡°·ÖȨÖÎÀí¡±£¨Ï൱ÓÚÏîÄ¿²¿·ÖÕÆÎÕȨÁ¦£©µÄÓÅÁÓ¡£ÓëÆäÏà±È £¬ÎÌôâºÍÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚµÄÑо¿ÄÉÈëÁ˸üÍêÕûµÄȨÁ¦·ÖÅÉ»úÖÆ¡£

Ñо¿Ä£×Ó£º¼ò»¯°æ¾ØÕó×éÖ¯

±¾ÏîÑо¿ÖÐ £¬¼ÙÉèÒ»¸öÆóÒµÀïÓÐÁ½¸ö²¢ÐеÄÏîÄ¿ £¬Ã¿¸öÏîÄ¿»®·ÖÓÐһλÏîĿ˾Àí £¬ÆóÒµÉÐÓÐһλְÄÜ˾Àí¡£Ö°ÄÜ˾ÀíµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ×î´ó»¯ÆóÒµÕûÌåÀûÒæ £¬Ã¿¸öÏîĿ˾ÀíÔòÇãÏòÓÚ×î´ó»¯×Ô¼ºÈÏÕæÏîÄ¿µÄÀûÒ棨¿ÉÄܺÍÆóÒµÕûÌåÀûÒæ·×ÆçÖ£©¡£¾öÒéÕß±ØÐè×ö³öƽºâÏîÄ¿×ÔÉíÆæÒìÐèÇóºÍÏîÄ¿¼äЭµ÷µÄ¾öÒé £¬ÕâÒªÇóÁ½Î»ÏîĿ˾ÀíºÍÖ°ÄÜ˾ÀíÖ®¼ä³ä·ÖµÄÐÅÏ¢½»Á÷¡£

ȨÁ¦µÄ·ÖÅÉÓÐÈçÏÂÎåÖÖ¿ÉÄÜ£º

¡ñ ÊÚȨ¸øÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí£ºÁ½¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒ鶼ÓÉÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí×ö³ö¡£

¡ñ ÊÚȨ¸øÏîĿ˾Àí£ºÁ½¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒé»®·ÖÓÉÁ½Î»ÏîĿ˾Àí×ö³ö¡£

¡ñ »ìÏýÊÚȨ1£ºÖ°ÄÜ˾ÀíÈÏÕæµÚÒ»¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒé £¬µÚ¶þ¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒéÓÉÏîĿ˾Àí×Ô¼º×ö³ö¡£

¡ñ »ìÏýÊÚȨ2£ºÖ°ÄÜ˾ÀíÈÏÕæµÚ¶þ¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒé £¬µÚÒ»¸öÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒéÓÉÏîĿ˾Àí×Ô¼º×ö³ö¡£

¡ñ Ëæ»úÊÚȨ£ºÆóÒµ´ÓÉÏÊö£¨1£©-£¨4£©µÄÊÚȨ·½·¨ÖÐËæ»ú°²ÅÅ¡£

¾öÒéÖƶ©µÄÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º

¡ñ Ê×ÏÈ £¬ÆóҵѡÔñÒ»ÖÖÊÚȨ·½·¨¡£

¡ñ µÃÖªÊÚȨ·½·¨²¢Ïàʶ×Ô¼ºÏîÄ¿µÄÇéÐκó £¬Ã¿¸öÏîĿ˾Àíͨ¹ý¿ª»á¡¢Ð´±¨¸æµÈ·½·¨ £¬ÏòDZÔڵľöÒéÕßת´ïÓÐÀûÓÚ×Ô¼ºÏîÄ¿µÄÐÅÏ¢ £¬ÊÔͼӰÏìºóÕߵĿ´·¨¡£Ö°ÄÜ˾ÀíºÍÆäËûÏîĿ˾Àí¶¼ÄÜÊӲ쵽ÏîĿ˾Àí±íÊöµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

¡ñ ×îºó £¬Æ¾Ö¤ÆóÒµµÄÊÚȨ·½·¨ £¬Ñ¡³ö¾öÒéÈË £¬¾öÒéÈËƾ֤×Ô¼ºÌýµ½µÄÐÅÏ¢×ö³ö¾öÒ顣Ϊ¼ò»¯Æð¼û £¬¼ÙÉèÐÅÏ¢½»Á÷Ö»±¬·¢Ò»ÂÖ¡£

ÔÚÕâ¸ö¼ò»¯µÄ¾ØÕóÄ£×ÓÖÐ £¬¾öÒéËæ»úÊÚȨÊÇ·ñÓÅÓÚÈ·¶¨ÐÔÊÚȨÓÐÁ½ÏîÒªº¦ÒòËØ£ºÒ»ÊÇÖª×ãÏîÄ¿×ÔÉíÐèÇóÓëÏîÄ¿¼äÓÅÒìЭµ÷ÊëÇáÊëÖØ£»¶þÊÇËæ»úÊÚȨÊÇ·ñÌá¸ßÁËÏàͬÖÊÁ¿¡£

¾­ÓÉһϵÁй«Ê½ÍƵ¼ÔËËã £¬Ñо¿Õß·¢Ã÷ÁËÒÔËæ»úÊÚȨΪ½¹µãµÄ¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀí͹ÏÔÓÅÊƵÄÍâÔÚÇéÐÎÌõ¼þ¡£

Á½Àೡ¾°ÖÐ £¬¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀí¸ü¾ßÓÅÊÆ

ÔÚÁ½Àೡ¾°ÖÐ £¬Ëæ»úÊÚȨ±ÈÈ·¶¨ÊÚȨ¸üÄÜÒý·¢ÆóÒµ³ÉÔ±ÏàͬµÄ¶¯Á¦ £¬ÌáÉýÏàͬÖÊÁ¿ £¬×îÖÕÌáÉýÆóÒµ¼¨Ð§¡£

µÚÒ»Àೡ¾°ÊDZØÐè¼æ¹Ëÿ¸öÏîÄ¿µÄÆæÒìÐèÇóÓë²î±ðÏîÄ¿Ö®¼äЭµ÷µÄÐèÇó¡£¼æ¹ËÒâζ×ÅȨºâÁ½ÖÖÐèÇó¡£´Ëʱ £¬ÏîÄ¿µÄÀûÒæÓëÆóÒµÕûÌåÀûÒæ±£´æÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½µÄ³åÍ» £¬Ëæ»úÊÚȨ¾Í»á±ÈÊÚȨÏîĿ˾Àí»òÊÚȨְÄÜ˾Àí¸ü¾ßÓÅÊÆ¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ £¬ÆóÒµ¼ÈÒª¸øÏîĿ˾Àí³äÕæ»°ÓïȨ £¬ÓÖÐèÒªÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí´ÓÕóÊÆÉÏʩչЭµ÷×÷Óá£ºÃ±È £¬ÔÚº½ÌìÁìÓò £¬¡°Á½¸öÀϰ塱µÄÖÎÀíϵͳÏòÀ´ÐÐÖ®ÓÐÓãºÒ»¸öÀÏ°åÓÐÊÖÒÕר³¤ £¬ÈÏÕæÆóÒµµÄÊÖÒÕ¸ÄÁ¼ £¬ÁíһλÔòÈÏÕæÉÌÎñ̸ÅÐÓëÇ©ÊðÌõÔ¼¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÏîÄ¿×ÔÉíÐèÇó·Ç³£¿Á¿ÌÓëÆæÒìµÄÐÐÒµ£»Í¬Ê± £¬¸ÃÐÐÒµµÄÊÖÒÕÑз¢±¾Ç®ÊÇºÜ¸ßµÄ £¬ÈôÊDzî±ðÏîÄ¿Ö®¼ä¿ÉÒÔ¹²ÏíÖ»¹Ü¶àµÄÊÖÒÕ £¬¾ÍÒâζ׎µµÍÁËÆóÒµ×ܱ¾Ç®¡£

µÚ¶þÀೡ¾°ÊÇÏîĿЭµ÷µÄÐèÇó×㹻С £¬ÏîĿ˾ÀíµÄ»°ÓïȨ´óÓÚÖ°ÄÜ˾ÀíµÄ»°ÓïȨ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇéÐÎÏ £¬±ÈÆðÍêÈ«ÊÚȨÓÚÏîĿ˾Àí £¬ÈôÊÇÆóÒµÄÜÔöÌíһЩȨÁ¦µÄ²»È·¶¨ÐÔ¡ª¡ªÌáÉýÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí±»ÊÚȨµÄ¿ÉÄÜ £¬ÆóÒµ¾ÍÄÜ·¢Ã÷ÏàͬÖÊÁ¿ÓÐÏÔÖø¸ÄÉÆ£¨ÏîĿ˾Àí²»ÔÙóÆÖ¾ÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÏîÄ¿ £¬¶øÊǺÍÖ°ÄÜ˾ÀíÏàͬÏîÄ¿ÐÅÏ¢£© £¬Õû¸ö×éÖ¯µÄÒµ¼¨¶¼½«ÌáÉý¡£·´¹ýÀ´Ëµ £¬µ±ÏîĿЭµ÷µÄÐèÇó×ã¹»´ó £¬Ö°ÄÜ˾ÀíµÄ»°ÓïȨ´óÓÚÏîĿ˾ÀíµÄ»°ÓïȨ £¬ÈôÊÇÆóÒµ½ÓÄÉËæ»úÊÚȨµÄ·½·¨ÖÎÀí £¬¼´£ºÏîĿ˾ÀíÒ²ÓпÉÄÜ×÷Ϊ¾öÒéÕß £¬ÄÇôÏàͬµÄÖÊÁ¿½«´ó´óϽµ £¬¼´±ãÏîĿ˾Àí±ÈÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí¸üÏàʶÏîĿ״̬ £¬¸üÄÜ×ö³öÓÐÀûÓÚ×Ô¼ºÈÏÕæÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒé £¬µ«ÈÔÌî²¹²»ÁËÒòÏàͬÖÊÁ¿Ï½µµ¼ÖµÄÆóÒµÕûÌåÀûÒæµÄËðʧ¡£

12808

¡ø Adobe¹«Ë¾ÍŽáÊ×´´ÈËChuck Geschke¡£ËûÔÚÊ©ÀÖ¹«Ë¾ÊÂÇéʱ´úÓëͬÊ·¢Ã÷ÁËÒ»ÏîרÀû £¬Ê¹×ÖÌåÔÚ·Å´óËõСºÍ´òӡʱ¶¼Äܼá³ÖͬÑùµÄÇåÎú¶È¡£ËûÖ÷ÕŽ«¸ÃÊÖÒÕ×ö³É¿ª·ÅµÄ±ê×¼ £¬È´ÓÉÓÚ²»ÇкÏÊ©ÀÖ¹«Ë¾µÄÉÌÒµÀûÒæÔâµ½×èµ²¡£×îÖÕÁ½Î»·¢Ã÷ÈËÍÑÀëÊ©ÀÖ½¨ÉèÁËAdobe¡£

ȨÁ¦µÄ¼¯ÖкÍÊèÉ¢²»ÊǶþÔª¶ÔÁ¢ £¬¶øÊÇ´¦ÓÚÒ»¸öÒ»Á¬Æ½»¬µÄÇø¼ä¡£ÔÚÉÏÊöÁ½Àೡ¾°µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ £¬Ñо¿Õß½øÒ»²½Ì½ÌÖȨÁ¦µÄ×î¼ÑÊèɢˮƽ¡£ËûÃÇ·¢Ã÷ £¬µ±ÏîÄ¿×ÔÉíµÄÀûÒæºÍÆóÒµÕûÌåÀûÒæ×ã¹»¿¿½ü £¬¾Í»á·ºÆðÒ»¸öÓÐÒâ˼µÄÕ÷Ï󣺶ÔÏîĿ˾ÀíÃǵÄ×î¼ÑÊÚȨˮƽËæ×ÅÏîĿЭµ÷ÐèÇóµÄÌáÉý £¬·ºÆðÏȽµºóÉýµÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£µ±ÏîĿЭµ÷ÐèÇóΪ0 £¬Á½Î»ÏîĿ˾Àí¸÷×Ô»ñµÃ×Ô¼ºÏîÄ¿µÄȫȨÊÚȨÊÇ×îÓŵÄ¡£µ±ÏîĿЭµ÷ÐèÇóÖð½¥Ôö´ó £¬È¨Á¦ÏòÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí¼¯ÖС£¶øµ±Ð­µ÷ÐèÇóÔö´ó¹âÁÙ½çÖµ £¬È¨Á¦ÓÖÔÙ´ÎÊèÉ¢µ½ÏîĿ˾ÀíÊÖÖÐ £¬Ö±µ½ÏîĿЭµ÷ÐèÇóºÜÊÇ´ó £¬´Ëʱ²»¹ÜÊÚȨ¸øÏîĿ˾ÀíÕÕ¾ÉÖ°ÄÜ˾Àí £¬ËûÃǶ¼»áƵÈÔÏàͬ £¬ÏàͬÖÊÁ¿Ã»ÓÐʲô²î±ð¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇéÐÎÏ £¬ÏîÄ¿µÄ¾öÒéȨÍêÈ«»Øµ½ÏîĿ˾ÀíÊÖÖÐÊÇ×îÓŵݲÅÅ¡£

¾ØÕó×éÖ¯ÖÎÀíÔÓÂÒ£¿

ѧ»áÓµ±§²»È·¶¨ÐÔ

ÎÌôâ½ÌÊÚºÍÀîËĹâ½ÌÊÚµÄÕâÏîÑо¿ÓÐʲôӦÓüÛÖµÄØ£¿

Ê×ÏÈ £¬Á½Î»Ñ§ÕßµÄÑо¿Îª¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíµ±ÖÐȨÁ¦½çÏßµÄÄ£ºýÐÔ¡°ÕýÃû¡±¡£Ñ§½çÒ»¾­ÆÕ±éÒÔΪ¾ØÕóÐÍ×éÖ¯µÄÒ»¸öÏÔ×ÅÁÓÊƾÍÊÇȨÁ¦·ÖÅɵÄËæ»úºÍ²»È·¶¨ÐÔ¡£±¾ÏîÑо¿µÄ½áÂÛÔòÇ¡Ç¡Ïà·´£ºËæ»úÊÚȨÔÚÌض¨³¡¾°ÖиüÓÐÀûÓÚ×éÖ¯ÕûÌ弨Ч¡£ÕâÌáÐÑÖÎÀíÕߺÍÆóÒµÔ±¹¤¶¼ÒªÑ§»áÓµ±§×éÖ¯µÄ²»È·¶¨ÐÔ¡£

Æä´Î £¬±¾ÏîÑо¿Ö¸Ã÷Îú¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÊÊÓÃÓÚÄÄЩÆóÒµ¡ª¡ªÏîÄ¿¾ß±¸ÌØÊâÐèÇ󡢶ÔÏîĿ˾ÀíµÄרҵÊÖÒÕÒªÇó¸ßµÄÆóÒµ £¬Í¨³£ÏîÄ¿¼äÏ໥Эµ÷µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔºÍÖ÷ÒªÐÔ¶¼»á½µµÍ £¬Õâ¾ÍÇкÏÑо¿ËùÁгöµÄµÚ¶þ¸ö³¡¾°£¨ÏîĿЭµ÷ÐèÇó×㹻С£© £¬¾ØÕóʽÖÎÀíÄܱÈÈ·¶¨µØÊÚȨ¸øÏîĿ˾ÀíÌåÏÖ¸ü¼Ñ¡£

Ö»¹ÜÕâÏîÑо¿¾Û½¹ÓÚÆóÒµÖÎÀí £¬µ«Æä½¹µã¿´·¨ºÍÄ£×Ó¿ò¼Ü¶¼ÊÊÓÃÓÚ¸ü¿í·ºµÄ×éÖ¯¡£¾ØÕóʵÖÊÉϲ»ÊÇʲôÐÂÊÂÎï¡£¼ÒÍ¥ÍùÍù¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÓµÓÐÁ½Î»Àϰ壨Øøٳ˫·½£©µÄ¾ØÕó¡£ÒÑÍù100¶àÄê¼ä £¬Õþ¸®²¿·ÖһֱʵÑéƽÐеÄȨÁ¦ÖÎÀíÖƶÈ¡£½«±¾ÏîÑо¿µÄЧ¹ûÍØÕ¹µ½ÕâЩÁìÓò £¬Ò²½«±¬·¢¼¤¸ÐÈËÐĵķ¢Ã÷¡£

±¾ÆÚ¡°Ñ§ÊõΰÒײ©¡±ÏÈÈÝÁËÒÔÏÂÑо¿


ÓÉÎÌôâ½ÌÊڵȺÏÖøµÄÂÛÎÄRandom Authority £¬ÔÚInternational Economic Review½ÒÏþ¡£¡¶¹ú¼Ê¾­¼Ãѧ̸ÂÛ¡·£¨International Economic Review £¬¼ò³ÆIER£©ÓÉÃÀ¹ú±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇ´óѧºÍÈÕ±¾´óÛà´óѧÅäºÏ¿ª°ìÓÚ1960Äê £¬ÖÂÁ¦ÓÚÔö½øÏÖ´úÁ¿»¯¾­¼ÃѧÑо¿ £¬×èÖ¹ÏÖÔÚÒÑ¿¯µÇÁËÖî¶à¾­¼ÃѧÁìÓòµÄ¸ßÒýÓÃÂÊÇ°ÑØÂÛÎÄ £¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨¼ÆÁ¿¾­¼Ãѧ¡¢ÀíÂÛ¾­¼ÃѧµÈÁìÓò¡£

ÎÌôâ £¬Î°Òײ©Ó¦Óþ­¼Ãϵ¸±½ÌÊÚ¡£ËûÓÚ2011Äê¼ÓÈëΰÒײ© £¬´ËÇ°ËûÔÚ±±¾©´óѧÏȺó»ñµÃ¾­¼Ãѧѧʿ¡¢Ë¶Ê¿Ñ§Î» £¬²¢ÓÚÃÀ¹ú±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇ´óѧ»ñµÃ¾­¼Ãѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»¡£ËûÏÖÔÚÖ÷ÒªÑо¿ÁìÓòΪ²©ÞÄÂÛ £¬Ó¦ÓÃ΢¹Û¾­¼ÃÀíÂۺ͹¤Òµ¾­¼Ãѧ¡£ËûµÄÑо¿Ð§¹û½ÒÏþÓÚ»ò¼´½«½ÒÏþÓÚÍâÑ󶥼¶Ñ§ÊõÆÚ¿¯ £¬ÈçManagement Science £¬AEJ: Micro, Journal of Economic Theory £¬International Economic Review.

Ïàʶ¡°Ñ§ÊõΰÒײ©¡±¸ü¶à£º

¾­¼ÃÔ¤ÆÚÏòºÃ £¬¹ÉƱ»á´øÀ´Óâ¶î»Ø±¨Âð

·ÍøÔ½ÅԽÄÜ»º½â´ó¶¼»áÉú³ÝѹÁ¦£¿

ÍŶÓÔ½´óЭ×÷Ô½ÄѵÄÎÊÌâÔõÑùÆƽ⣿

ÏÝÈë²ÆÎñÄæ¾³µÄ¹«Ë¾ £¬¿ÉÒÔÖ¸Íû¹ØϵÒøÐÐÂð

×ÔÎÒÉí·ÝÈÏÖªÔ½¡°¹ã¡± £¬Ô½°®Âò¡°¸ß¼¶¡±»õ£¿

×ÔÁµÐÍÏòµ¼Õ߱ضÁ £¬ÓÈÆäµ±Äã¸ÐÓ¦²»¹«Õýʱ¡­

ÑÓÉì°æȨ±£»¤ÆÚÊǺÃÊÂÂð


·ÖÏí
Ê×Ò³
ÈÈÊѧԺÐÂΊΰÒײ©ÊÓƵ µ³½¨×¨Ìâ ½üÆÚÔ˶¯ E-Newsletter Ô˶¯»ØÊ×
±±´óΰÒײ©
Ôº³¤¼ÄÓï ѧԺ¼ò½é ´óÊÂ¼Ç Ñ§ÔºÏòµ¼ ÀúÈÎÔº³¤ ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹ Éç»áÔðÈÎ ½ÌѧÍøÂç ¾èÔù ÁªÏµÎ°Òײ©
½ÌÊÚÑо¿
ʦ×ʲ½¶Ó Í·ÄÔΰÒײ© ѧ¿Æרҵ °¸ÀýÖÐÐÄ Ñо¿»ú¹¹ Î÷ϯÕÐƸ
½ÌѧÏîÄ¿
±¾¿Æ ѧÊõ˶²© רҵ˶ʿ MBA EMBA ¸ß²ãÖÎÀí½ÌÓý ¿Î³ÌÍƼö
¹ú¼ÊÏàÖú
ÍâÑóÏàÖú ¹ú¼Ê½»Á÷ ÊîÆÚÏîÄ¿ ѧÉúÌåÑé
Ö°ÒµÉú³¤
¹ÍÖ÷ЧÀÍ Ñ§ÉúЧÀÍ Ð£ÓÑЧÀÍ ¹ØÓÚΰÒײ©

ÈÏÖ¤»ú¹¹Ãû³Æ£º

?2017 ΰÒײ© °æȨËùÓÐ ¾©ICP±¸05065075-1

¡¾ÍøÕ¾µØͼ¡¿¡¾sitemap¡¿